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另类诗词也成趣——唐时轶事之四
   
中国的古典诗发展到唐朝已经达到鼎盛,清人编纂的《全唐诗》中共收录了二千二百多个诗人的诗达四万八千九百多首。这还远远不是全部,唐人的诗文佚失的不是小数目。我们无法相信以一篇《春江花月夜》力压全唐的张若虚只写了两首诗,无法相信曾经写下“白日依山尽”和“黄河远上白云间”这两首千古绝唱的王之涣只写了六首诗,无法相信以精通文史著称于当时的李吉甫只写了四首诗。
  唐诗之盛在于其风格的多样化,慷慨激昂与浅斟低唱共存,海天一色与曲径通幽同在,北风卷地与吴浓乡曲兼容,大漠孤烟与巴山夜雨相映。当然,也有一些另类诗词。
  另类诗中能够自成一体的有二,一是张打油的打油诗,一是权龙襄(有的书上是权龙褒)的权龙襄体。
  张打油是打油诗这一种诙谐诗体的开山掌门,他的成名之作就是那首咏雪:“江山一笼统,井上黑窟窿。黄狗身上白,白狗身上肿。”
  唐人咏雪诗中名列前茅的少不了柳宗元那首《江雪》:“千山鸟飞绝,万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁,独钓寒江雪。”短短二十个字,情景交融天人合一,读过之后让人觉得骨髓里都充满凉气。
  张打油的咏雪诗当然不能和柳宗元的《江雪》相提并论,但这首打油诗恰似一首生动、活泼、欢快的谐谑曲,让人为之一笑后感到心情开朗。打油诗看似简单,要想写好也不容易。张打油这首诗通篇不见一个雪字,句句却不离雪景。看似滑稽,却句句真实,如天然生成,不露雕饰。这也是一种功夫。
  据传,张打油还写了另一首打油诗:
  “百万贼兵困南阳,也无救援也无粮。有朝一日城破了,哭爹的哭爹,哭娘的哭娘。”
  当时在场的一位官员现场点评说,第一句起句不凡,第二句差强人意。后面几句还没来得及点评,评论者已经当场笑倒。
  现在北方城市每当下雪之后,政府就会发布扫雪令,张打油的一首诗可以作为扫雪令的附件:“六出九天雪飘飘,恰似玉女下琼瑶。有朝一日天晴了,使扫帚的使扫帚,使锹的使锹。”
  打油诗就这样流传开来,成为一种文体。尽管难登大雅之堂,但其轻松幽默的形式可以说是一碟精美的小菜,开胃爽口。
  宋人填词也有打油风格的作品,比如绍兴太学生做的那首《南乡子 洪迈被拘》:“洪迈被拘留。稽首垂哀告彼酋。七日忍饥犹不耐,堪羞。苏武争禁十九秋。厥父既无谋。厥子安能解国忧。万里归来夸舌辨,村牛。好摆头时便摆头”
  再说权龙襄,权龙襄基本上生活在武周、中宗时期,是位武将,也曾做过地方的刺史,那是因为犯了错误被下放了。权龙襄虽然不懂声律,却爱写诗。武则天万岁通天年间,他出任沧州刺史,一到任就向诸位官员展示了一首新作:“遥看沧州城,杨柳郁青青。中央一群汉,聚坐打杯觥。”
  面对着新任领导的诗作,州里的官员们怎么说也得评论几句,有人就说:“公有逸才”。这是在说权龙襄做诗的才能非常人所有。像是在恭维又像是在讽刺,权龙襄倒是有自知之明,他回答说:不敢,不敢,趁韵而已。意思是说自己不过是在把文字凑成句子。
  权龙襄做诗的事传到了京都,当时的太子李显也有耳闻,只是未得一见。那年,权龙襄回到神都时参加了一次宴会,宴会的主人就是李显,时间是在夏天。唐时的宴会上少不了要当场赋诗,权龙襄也去凑热闹写了一首诗,其中有两句为:“严霜白浩浩,明月赤团团。”李显看过权龙襄的诗后心花怒放,在旁边批示:“龙襄才子,秦州人士。明月昼耀,严霜夏起。如此文章,趁韵而已。”
  这不禁让人想到宋初的大将党进。有一次党进在皇上面前说了一句文绉绉的话,这让在场的大臣们感到十分意外,党进解释说:俺看各位大臣都掉书袋来着,就也掉上几句,让皇帝知道俺也读书了。
  一般来说权氏趁韵诗的最大特点是一目了然,不用注释,但偶然也有例外。权龙襄在沧州时写过一首《秋日述怀》,“檐前飞七百,雪白后园疆。饱食房里侧,家粪集野螂。”
  沧州参军拿到诗以后看了半天没看懂,不知道刺史大人在诗中用的是什么典故。不懂就是不懂,不取装懂,参军虚心向刺史请教。权龙襄到也实在,没有说“诗无达诂”,更没有说看不懂就对了,而是耐心的解释:有一只鹞子从房檐前飞过估摸着能值七百钱,这便是“檐前飞七百”;洗过的白布衫挂在后面园子里白净的像雪一样,这便是“雪白后园疆”;吃饱饭后在屋子里侧身躺着,这便是“饱食房里侧”;在院子里转来转去看见不少屎克螂在收集人粪,这便是“家粪集野螂”。
  权龙襄的诗风被后人成为权龙襄体,晚唐的郑愚写了一首《擬权龙襄体赠鄠县李令及寄朝右》,诗中写到:“鄠县李长官,横琴膝上弄。不闻有政声,但见手子动。”据说这位李县令因此而丢了官。
  晚唐时有一个卢延让,考了二十五次进士,仍然没有考中。总结经验是名声不够响亮。于是就写了一些和猫儿狗儿有关的诗,送给知名人士品评。卢延让的诗中写到:“狐冲官道过,狗触店门开”,“饿猫临鼠穴,馋犬舐鱼帖”,“栗爆烧毡破,猫跳触鼎翻”。结果这些诗句受到赞赏,卢延让因此叫响,进士也考中了。他深有感触的说:我平生投谒各位公卿,没想到竟得益于猫儿狗子也。
  卢延让的另辟蹊径有如另类书家,前人将好字都写完了,再想出名就只能用木棍扫帚写字了。
  还有一个人叫崔涯,此人在扬州一带的妓院颇有名气,他经常写诗评价妓院及其从业人员,诗一写成立即在行内流传。经他赞赏的当下身价倍增官客盈门,经他贬嘲的立马门可罗雀生意惨淡。有一次,崔涯写了一首评价妓女李端端的诗,形容李端端皮肤黑,晚上走在路上肤色和夜色浑为一体,不吭气别人看不出还有一个人在那里。
  李端端看到这首诗后很不是滋味,自己形象受损事小,关键是影响客源耽误生意,她找到崔涯请求重新评价。于是,崔涯写了第二首诗:“觅得黄骝鞁繍鞍,善和坊里访端端。扬州近日浑成差,一朵能行白牡丹。”李端端将第二首诗广为宣传,一时间那些有钱人和公子哥们纷纷登门,采撷这朵白牡丹。有人说李端端是才从乌黑的墨池里爬出来就登上了洁白的雪山。
  《迴波词》是一种乐府歌词,写出来配着曲子演唱。这种词四句为一首,每句六个字,第一句前四个字固定为“迴波尔时”。比如你要唱今天的天气哈哈哈,那么第一句就是:迴波尔时哈哈哈。
  在唐中宗举办的一次宫廷宴会上,皇家艺人奉旨到现场演出助兴。一个演员唱了一首自编的《迴波词》:
  迴波尔时栲栳,怕妇也是大好。外边只有裴谈,内里无过李老。
  裴谈当时担任御史大夫,这位主管监察工作的官员是有名的妻管严,李老则是指唐中宗,人们都说他怕韦后。演员唱到,现在怕媳妇也是一件大好事,宫外有御史大夫裴谈,宫中有咱们敬爱的皇上李老。看来李显也是平易近人的,演员们可以当着他的面叫他李老,说他怕老婆。“怕妇也是大好”这句词让陪同观看演出的韦后心情舒畅,当场给演唱者发放了奖品。
  唐肃宗上元二年七月,长期伴随在唐玄宗身边的高力士被贬往巫州。在唐朝,夜郎已是南荒地,巫州更在夜郎南。巫州治所在龙标县,天宝年间,著名诗人王昌龄就曾经被贬为龙标县尉。他的好友李白听到这个消息后满怀深情写下了《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》的七绝:“扬花落尽子规啼,闻到龙标过五溪。我寄愁心与明月,随君直到夜郎西。”这首诗是李白七绝中的精品之一。
  高力士在到达巫州后,看到路旁长满了荠菜没人采摘,不由的触景生情。后人常说,熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也会溜。高力士则是整日跟着唐玄宗,不会吟诗也能哼。于是乎他写了一首诗:
  两京做斤卖,五溪无人采。夷夏虽有殊,气味都不改。
  诗言誌。高力士的诗也是有感而发。“两京做斤卖,五溪无人采”,想当年在京师时高力士是何等人物,太子叫他兄长,诸位王公叫他高翁,驸马一辈的叫他高爹爹。宝寿寺中,高力士举办大钟落成庆典,来宾们每撞一下钟就要给高力士捐出一百贯钱,那些讨好高力士的人争着抢着去撞钟,有的人一撞就是二十多下,就象跟领导打牌,争着抢着放胡。而如今流落五溪,孤身孓影。
  高力士咏荠菜的诗水平如何暂且不说,真情出自胸中却是事实。“夷夏虽由殊,气味都不改”,高力士虽然被贬往巫州,但是对唐玄宗忠心不改,当他在遇到大赦返回京师的路上听到唐玄宗的死讯后,嚎啕大哭,吐血而死。
  唐玄宗李隆基和唐肃宗李亨这父子两个有着许多说不清的事。北宋神宗年间要改年号,大臣们先擬了一个年号:元亨。宋神宗说,亨字不好,这是有子不成。亨字下面是一个了字,正是子字少一横。最后定年号为“元丰”。
  李隆基给儿子起名李亨时大概没有想到自己晚年会被儿子抛在深宫高院之中。
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In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.

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