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禹的治水计划一言概之就是“疏导”，就是加宽加深河床，合百川为十数股主流，
使原来南向的黄河北向而入海。这是禹总结历来的治水经验后得到的唯一办法，
但如此大规模的改道，会涉及东方下游众多东夷部落的福祉，如不能妥善解决，
再好的计划也无法实施。强要实施，只能引起炎黄与东夷这两大早已同化数百
年的氏族部落集团互相争斗的惨剧。帝舜在此起了关键的作用。史记记载，“岁
二月，东巡狩，至於岱宗，祡，望秩於山川。遂见东方君长，合时月正日，同
律度量衡，脩五礼五玉三帛二生一死为挚，如五器，卒乃复。”这里司马迁分
明写得是一次东西两集团定盟之事，却被郑玄单纯解释为天子祭天之礼，古人
之蔽也。在得到了来自东夷集团（徐旭生认为皋陶和伯益应出于东夷）的合作
之后，禹的治水计划终于可以实施了。大禹治水的过程想必大家都很熟悉了，
率领徒众敷土随山刊木，治水十三载，三过家门而不入等等不一而足。至于大
禹治水的范围，史书是通达九州，凿龙门开吕梁；而徐旭生先生则考虑到当时
尙处铜石混用时代，如此浩大艰巨的工程是无法完成的，因此认为只是在衮，
青二州，主要是在衮州，也就是现在的河南。但毋庸置疑，这次治水的工程量
是相当浩大的，即使只是衮州一处，以百姓诸侯之力尚需十三载乃成，由此可
见一斑。一个严重的问题来了，人数如此庞大的施工队伍常年在外治水，后勤
从何而来？答案就是来自鲧治水时期保留下来的那些为城墙所保护的炎黄部族
以及部分东夷部落。那么是以什么形式获取的呢？我想在这里做一番推测，这
个推测的结果，是本文最核心的观念。
共工氏之伯九有。——国语•鲁语上
礼记•祭法对此的解释是共工氏之霸九州也。这句话今人有拿来说明共工氏
与鲧其实是一人，因为这里分明说共工氏的长子霸有九州（即天下），而鲧
的儿子禹，也是史载定天下为九州的千古一帝。不可能在如此短的时间内有
两个定九州的人，因此实为一也。我以为这样的推断过粗，为过多的古书解
释所蒙蔽，未得其实。正确的解释是，九有非指霸有天下，而是指一种新的
上纳，或可说赋税制度。这处关键似乎尚未有方家阐明，容我一一道来。
如果之前我们关于共工氏与鲧一族的土地具有某种财物属性（因为是“劳动”——
治水后，水降土现的成果）的分析不错的话，共工阶层很有理由向在这片
土地上农牧的人收取一定的物产，这种形式，就叫做“九有”。为什么叫九有
呢？这里又和另外一个我们熟知而又模糊的名词有关，那就是“井田制”。
据说这种制度行于夏商周三代。何为井田？《谷梁传•宣公十五年》：“古者
三百步为里，名曰井田。”井田制又可分为八家为井而有公田与九夫为井而
无公田两个系统。记其八家为井而有公田者，如《孟子•滕文公上》 载：
“方里而井，井九百亩。其中为公田，八家皆私百亩，同养公田。公事毕，
然后敢治私事。”记其九夫为井而无公田者，如《周礼•地官•小司徒 》载：
“ 乃经土地而井牧其田野，九夫为井，四井为邑，四邑为丘，四丘为甸，
四甸为县，四县为都，以任地事而令贡赋，凡税敛之事。”
那么共工氏之时是否也有井田，而这个井田是八家为井还是九夫为井呢？钥匙
就是“九有”。聪明的读者肯定已经知道答案了，肯定是九夫为井。但我不想武断，
让我来一番逻辑上的阐发。盖当时一户农人（夫）最为合理的经营土地的方式
就是“井”这种模式了。农人居于井字正中之地，兼养家畜织纺，而周围八处则
种以庄稼，这就是一个当时最小的经济单元。有鉴于此，共工要收取这一个“井”
的物产时，怎么收？像八家为井那样明指一块公田那是后世统治者愚蠢的做法，
因为这样明显会增加农人的对立情绪，试问在私有制已然成风之时，有谁愿意
在明明不是自己的土地上干活呢？而且八家为井也不合具体的情况，若共工指
农地为公田，则井正中地的家畜织物就无所得，指井正中，则外八处谷物无所得。
如何是好？高明的办法是这九块地的产物都收取一份。看来九夫为井是比较合理
的。那么还有一个问题，这“一份”是多少呢？《孟子•滕文公》：“夏后氏五十而贡，
殷人七十而助，周人百亩而彻，其实皆什一也。”这里说的很明白，是十分之一。
我在这里想重点强调一下，为什么是十分之一，因为也可以是九分之一（按八家
为井的直观逻辑），这样不是更多一点么？这里涉及到一个抽象逻辑的问题。
当时文教未兴，数学更是不兴。要想向文盲的普罗大众解释清楚九分之一，十分
之一这样的抽象逻辑，是几乎不可能的。而又不能明指一块田是公田，怎么办呢？
十分直观，共工向农人解释道，你的“井”不是九块地吗？但是因为这地是因为我
治水而得来的，那么这地的物产我也有份。我想让你从这九块地各取一份给我，
这一份不多不少，九份总和只要是等于这九块地中一块地的产量就行了。所以实
际上是有十块田，那第十块田的物产，就是你应该给我的。农人一听明白了，照做。
多么狡猾的逻辑啊，凭空中，就多了一块田，共工阶层就是以这样不知不觉而又
看似合情合理（即尊重了农人的私有权，又替自己治水的功劳取得了一份收入）
的方式，对农人进行了有史以来第一次剥削。
推论完毕，看来“九有”在逻辑上是中国有史以来第一种赋税制度是无疑的了。我
还想说一个有意思的小假说，日语中“十”的发音是“じゅう”，与“九有”的发音十
分相似。想来是因为其古时也有类似演化的赋税制度，而且影响颇深，以至于数
字十这个概念与发音竟是来源于此。
好了，后勤的问题解决了。大禹带着一众治水之工披星戴月，翻山越岭，疏浚
河流，水降土显。而恰恰在这一降一显之间，国家，也就在等着大有为之主的
召唤了。
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About the game:
USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.
Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.
In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.
Become an influential politician.
The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.
You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.
The international war.
The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).
At the auction you can sell or buy your dream inventory.
E-Sim is a unique browser game. It's creators ensured realistic representation of the mechanisms present in the real world and gave all power to the players who shape the image of the virtual Earth according to their own. So come and join them and help your country achieve its full potential.
Invest, produce and sell - be an entrepreneur in E-Sim.
Take part in numerous events for the E-Sim community.
